Thursday, October 20, 2011
Candi Singosari, Sisa Kerajaan Tertua Nusantara
Menurut Negarakertagama
Berdasarkan penyebutannya pada Kitab Negarakertagama pupuh 37:7 dan 38:3 serta Prasasti Gajah Mada bertanggal 1351 M di halaman komplek candi, candi ini merupakan tempat "pendharmaan" bagi raja Singasari terakhir, Sang Kertanegara, yang mangkat pada tahun 1292 akibat istana diserang tentara Gelang-gelang yang dipimpin oleh Jayakatwang. Kuat dugaan, candi ini tidak pernah selesai dibangun.
Struktur dan kegunaan bangunan
Komplek percandian menempati areal 200 m × 400 m dan terdiri dari beberapa candi. Di sisi barat laut komplek terdapat sepasang arca raksasa besar (tinggi hampir 4m, disebut dwarapala) dan posisi Gada menghadap ke bawah, ini menunjukkan meskipun penjaganya raksasa tetapi masih ada rasa kasih sayang terhadap semua mahkluk hidup dan ungkapan selamat datang bagi semuanya. Dan posisi arca ini hanya ada di Singhasari, tidak ada di tempat ataupun kerajaan lainnya. Dan di dekatnya arca Dwarapala terdapat alun-alun. Hal ini menimbulkan dugaan bahwa candi terletak di komplek pusat kerajaan. Letak candi Singhasari yang dekat dengan kedua arca dwarapala menjadi menarik ketika dikaitkan dengan ajaran Siwa yang mengatakan bahwa dewa Siwa bersemayam di puncak Kailasa dalam wujud lingga, batas Timur terdapat gerbang dengan Ganesha atau Ganapati sebagai penjaganya, gerbang Barat dijaga oleh Kala dan Amungkala, gerbang Selatan dijaga oleh Resi Agastya, gerbang Utara dijaga oleh Batari Gori. Karena letak candi Singhasari yang sangat dekat dengan kedua arca tersebut yang terdapat pada jalan menuju ke Gunung Arjuna, penggunaan candi ini diperkirakan tidak terlepas dari keberadaan gunung Arjuna dan para pertapa yang bersemayam di puncak gunung ini pada waktu itu.Bangunan candi utama dibuat dari batu andesit, menghadap ke barat, berdiri pada alas bujursangkar berukuran 14 m × 14 m dan tinggi candi 15 m. Candi ini kaya akan ornamen ukiran, arca, dan relief. Di dalam ruang utama terdapat lingga dan yoni. Terdapat pula bilik-bilik lain: di utara (dulu berisi arca Durga yang sudah hilang), timur yang dulu berisi arca Ganesha, serta sisi selatan yang berisi arca Siwa-Guru (Resi Agastya). Di komplek candi ini juga berdiri arca Prajnaparamita, dewi kebijaksanaan, yang sekarang ditempatkan di Museum Nasional Indonesia, Jakarta. Arca-arca lain berada di Institut Tropika Kerajaan, Leiden, Belanda, kecuali arca Agastya.
English:
Singhasari Temple or Temple or Temple Singosari Singasari are Hindu temples - Buddhist kingdom Singhasari historic relics located in the Village Candirenggo, District Singosari, Malang regency, East Java, Indonesia.
Ways of making this Singhasari temple with stone piling system andhesit up to a certain height then forwarded to carve a new drop from the top down. (It's not like building a house it is today). This temple is located in the Village Candirenggo, Singosari District, Malang Regency, (about 10km from the city of Malang) lies in the valley between the Tengger Mountains and Mount Arjuna at an altitude of 512 m above sea level.
According Negarakertagama
Based on the mention in the Book of 37:7 and 38:3 Negarakertagama Canto and Gajah Mada inscription dated 1351 AD in the courtyard of the temple complex, this temple is a place "pendharmaan" for Singasari last king, the Kertanegara, who died in 1292 due to the soldiers attacked the palace Bracelet -band led by Jayakatwang. It is thought this temple was never completed.
The structure and usability of buildings
Enshrinement complex occupies an area of 200 m × 400 m and consists of several temples. On the northwest side of the complex there is a statue of a giant pair of large (almost 4m high, called Dwarapala) and Gada position facing down, this shows the giant guards but though there is still a sense of compassion for all living beings and the expressions of welcome for all. And position of this statue exists only in Singhasari, not in place or any other kingdom. And the nearby statue there Dwarapala square. This raises the suspicion that the temple complex located in the center of the kingdom. The location of the temple Singhasari close to the two statues Dwarapala becomes attractive when associated with the doctrine that says that the god Shiva Shiva dwells in Kailasa peak in the shape of the phallus, there is a gate to the East boundary of Ganesha or Ganapati as guardian, West gate guarded by Kala and Amungkala, South gate guarded by Rishi Agastya, the North gate guarded by Batari Gori. Because the location of the temple Singhasari very close to the two statues are found on the road to Mount Arjuna, the use of this temple is not expected regardless of the existence of mountain Arjuna and the hermit who dwells atop the mountain at that time.
The main temple building is made of andesite stone, facing the west, standing on a square base measuring 14 m × 14 m and 15 m high temple The temple is rich in ornamental carvings, statues, and reliefs. Inside the main hall there is a linga and yoni. There are also other booths: in the north (with a statue of Durga had already lost), the east which had a statue of Ganesha, as well as the south side of a statue of Shiva-teacher (Rishi Agastya). In this temple complex also stands the statue of Prajnaparamita, the goddess of wisdom, which is now placed in the National Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta. Other statues in the Royal Tropical Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands, except the statue of Agastya.
